This track examines how monetary and fiscal sovereignty are being tested by an increasingly unstable global economy. The two sessions explore different but interconnected dimensions of the same problem. The first asks whether central banks can preserve credibility and independence when political expectations are rising, and monetary authorities are increasingly expected to respond to challenges beyond price stability.

The second moves beneath national debt crises to examine the global consequences of debt accumulation, including the scale and trajectory of US public debt. As the United States remains central to global finance, the dollar system, treasury markets, and international liquidity, developments in US debt and fiscal policy can affect interest rates, exchange rates, capital flows, borrowing costs, reserves, and debt sustainability far beyond its borders.

Together, the sessions ask whether economic sovereignty can survive when monetary policy is politicized, debt vulnerabilities are globally interconnected, and the rules of finance remain shaped by a small number of powerful economies.